10 — Classes & Access Modifiers

Core Concepts

• public — accessible from anywhere (default)
• private — accessible only within the class
• protected — accessible within the class and subclasses
• readonly — can only be set in constructor or declaration
• abstract classes — can't be instantiated, define contracts for subclasses
• implements — class must satisfy an interface
• static members — belong to the class, not instances
• Parameter properties — shorthand constructor constructor(public name: string)
• ES2022 #private — true runtime private fields (vs TS private which is compile-time only)

Access Modifier Summary