12 — Utility Types

Core Concepts

Built-in utility types transform existing types without rewriting them.

Utility	What It Does
`Partial<T>`	All properties optional
`Required<T>`	All properties required
`Readonly<T>`	All properties readonly
`Pick<T, K>`	Keep only specified keys
`Omit<T, K>`	Remove specified keys
`Record<K, V>`	Object with keys K and values V
`Exclude<U, E>`	Remove types from a union
`Extract<U, E>`	Keep only matching types from a union
`NonNullable<T>`	Remove null and undefined
`ReturnType<F>`	Extract return type of a function
`Parameters<F>`	Extract parameter types as a tuple
`Awaited<T>`	Unwrap Promise type
`ConstructorParameters<C>`	Extract constructor param types
`InstanceType<C>`	Extract instance type from class